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Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old* f& e0 f+ S; z, h! i7 h) [, R
Boy Induced by Indirect Topical7 Y4 ^4 ~0 C4 n) _
Exposure to Testosterone
6 u: C O& O( q! b: C% l: c7 hSamar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,2
& X; X) @: h# e, ~and Kenneth R. Rettig, MD1; l F7 _& Y1 C$ D7 Q; z
Clinical Pediatrics
! I9 T' L; b# ?Volume 46 Number 6
7 ^/ O' X# j( l( p0 YJuly 2007 540-543' z, z2 m2 }: Y0 Y
© 2007 Sage Publications2 ~3 e0 o2 {& T* e; J7 C% S' L
10.1177/0009922806296651
8 G4 m1 x' }, V1 mhttp://clp.sagepub.com( u7 E1 o* d6 n3 V0 t
hosted at
+ l. c+ [* C& \5 b" y/ c y* yhttp://online.sagepub.com
1 O6 y% f( N' J. b" j( EPrecocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,* P& A9 Z& b. i
is a significant concern for physicians. Central, `0 y" _, R: `
precocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated' ~4 y0 r! H+ d( w
through the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has2 i' M& k! Q; X- e: j4 [5 Q
a higher incidence of organic central nervous system
! _& b, V- z0 @: D* T- U; Llesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested
, A; c/ Q1 V0 l3 `by enlargement of the penis, development of pubic' d6 \: R. q; c% T! w5 M3 ~2 ?
hair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-
! |4 G# d+ y8 X. s6 Zcles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We8 J/ H0 Q& \4 o+ Z* d
report a 16-month-old boy who presented with the
Z- ^4 l( F! S, n+ |. z9 Denlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-5 _/ P5 s; K; M: T5 M, c
ment without testicular enlargement, which was due J2 Z' G; B+ \6 j- P
to the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by6 i4 }( m/ ?$ {% z4 o
the father. The family initially concealed this infor-
0 n* b, w/ e* N% v4 ^mation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this
- C. X2 b g2 R- Y% v5 bchild. Given the widespread and easy availability of
. o0 g/ u( L3 v8 `; C# U dtestosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-
/ Z+ w/ t% s6 a9 p; q/ {bly more common than the rare case report in the
3 ?& d8 ~1 K- ~& Y4 d B$ Gliterature.4
4 b0 ?& F( ^3 {! G+ C% f' U9 u+ dPatient Report2 J1 H/ ~. f6 q) H
A 16-month-old white child was referred to the
$ ]) \6 a, ?) u( cendocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern9 H5 k, e! W/ S G
of early sexual development. His mother noticed. {/ f& ?$ s6 s
light colored pubic hair development when he was
/ R0 B9 k' [. D/ l! Q" m9 UFrom the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of# M. P; X: d2 f# S' u* N' e
South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.3 w1 Z' a8 h1 u3 y+ R4 Z: ~6 e) x8 o
Address correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,, r- T: m k- |6 @0 C; k
Professor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of5 s4 K7 U& d) L9 L8 [* z
Medicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;* Y( y5 h, z: i, ?$ ^& A
e-mail: [email protected].% F% Q+ ?1 D* X; t' q
about 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became
7 C, N: r/ ~# [- |darker. She was also concerned about the enlarge-& H4 R- z- L7 G& @. h, w
ment of his penis and frequent erections. The child
" k( f" b$ y" t; awas the product of a full-term normal delivery, with
4 C6 f! s& f! i9 `9 ^9 v1 ?a birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of
7 Y, y1 t; \$ v+ A& ~( W- N20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year6 h7 g; S- [, _; y4 V) \
of life and was still receiving breast milk along with0 v7 v" L3 n2 u6 F, E) e' r
solid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,9 D5 z: J* |9 i7 Z7 _* F/ w2 [
and his psychosocial and psychomotor development
# c4 W8 G8 J7 ^. F @% `was age appropriate.
3 d* E, q- y; O" b+ |The family history was remarkable for the father,
; F, O/ N" C8 x& m6 M: n$ Ewho was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,
) i/ W) O0 p5 X! j0 T) M' F ?7 @which was treated with thyroxine. The father’s: K9 [8 U- k8 T# {1 c ^% e
height was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat
5 Z( ~2 b: |8 ^early puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.2 ~0 V6 ~; C; Z" d/ l- J/ Q `+ U
The father denied taking any other medication. The
- o" m2 _: r8 e6 Qchild’s mother was in good health. Her menarche6 Z. T- _1 ^& ~, l5 z8 L
was at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet& K& a7 M, Q( a t+ U8 m2 s/ Z
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-. ~1 S T* c$ L& v1 X+ t1 C) X7 p! Y
cocious sexual development in the first-degree rela-! G, S* C {" M3 a# P. q u% t s! ?8 v
tives. There were no siblings.& u4 @1 S/ \' @+ E5 U5 S4 c& x
Physical Examination
( H0 Q9 O0 h0 R$ _4 ]: BThe physical examination revealed a very active,% ?% d2 i$ M4 X$ h
playful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented
c k& Z4 c3 H+ Q! o$ @4 Ha blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was% F; B! M3 k5 h* @+ P
90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg
: X2 |) L* G3 S; \ _5 i- P0 Q(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth
% ~# K) W' P, j: e& [velocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of0 N s( M$ k: l: g- S& ?( R! x
the neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.
4 @! Y2 E( i l0 Q8 mThe genitourinary examination was remarkable for
/ q( X& w7 P$ ^8 @' |enlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of
9 u5 T& v3 s2 A9 v6 s5 D8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well
p0 X) `6 |/ k, r. o$ t& D/ }developed. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around. v2 k; D7 O2 G/ n1 {/ E6 P3 A
5403 [4 x* i% O$ ]
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from
- ]( r0 d( f) {. y: D$ h Kthe base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The
: O- G9 V7 s; }' xtesticular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.
; X+ Y. n- G0 g4 p( IThe skin was moist and smooth and somewhat& l* P& s/ b8 u6 Q/ N
oily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no8 V0 |4 Y ~4 d0 o3 r
abnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.- f; s$ d" Z& E, J
Neurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2++ |. D7 `! V: J; ^
bilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion1 t, J0 I( H! R. z4 I1 g
of papilledema., U/ J8 c6 V' c2 l9 [8 V
Laboratory Evaluation
. D6 `3 S6 K% ~$ _% L5 IThe bone age was consistent with 28 months by) N# L F9 S& G6 S. H4 n$ x, V
using the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-
; y- R: Q: f; U$ X+ \logic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal$ p n0 P8 f% U# L& |- g
karyotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test
0 B% `) M6 X1 s$ q3 Hshowed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-# v$ R! N7 d- K: A+ E \6 d; p; Y
lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal).
1 u4 U9 m% \1 M0 b% mThe concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood
2 A4 H! s( U5 }' \* R4 l: Y7 Nurea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were. H# _( n7 Y1 i8 x2 H+ x$ M/ c! ?4 U
within normal range for his age. The concentration
, s j4 ~! J9 g! a( b) r3 ~/ F! |of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL
, f2 i z% |3 Y(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 20 n) O. l9 g" p* z6 N/ i' p2 l
ng/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-
- L1 m0 h% l6 `: X% K7 d7 m- cterone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),
% U( e2 Z5 @- K9 r7 p% rdesoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to
9 R, u8 ~0 y, L2 ~- f" m! x# l0 g49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)+ ^" b9 D7 Z$ j. V2 ~
was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-6 U4 W" [9 v& n; A# P8 p
tisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total( i5 ~4 J4 D0 t# t5 Z7 M1 }4 C
testosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),, s" P2 \5 J6 o6 }! @
and β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than
1 T o% O! T5 Y5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular
* k) t. w4 r. C7 ?, Fstimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone' W3 w1 A* H; E+ d4 a. | A+ \
concentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL) | o, n3 E! }+ G- o2 H- {
(prepubertal).# j& y* Z4 {; b n* r; H/ S& W& S
The parents were notified about the laboratory
) Z2 \! ] Q. g: A3 r. l& ]results and were informed that all of the tests were
, ~+ c; t* @4 P9 M J- V/ |normal except the testosterone level was high. The6 v" z. v7 @/ U9 V
follow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to" R7 n% ^. x# c+ @2 l* Z
obtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-) l; ^8 h( C( `$ {) h' l) H1 w
ever, the family did not return for 4 months.; }6 Z: E' _6 W
Physical examination at this time revealed that the4 c2 k9 x& {8 p, Q7 `( [2 j) W7 h
child had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained4 f% W( o( F3 F: d. q
2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained
5 J/ o! [1 [# J, N, N! z% ?unchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-& X2 f6 z$ k5 }5 R/ `7 Q q A5 p
pletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at% X2 K. j8 K1 M& j' g. z; W( o& x; a
the base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2
: U3 V6 v7 P3 L! A( Q* C: DmL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged. K. ^. v/ f( W6 E# v# E' Y
The mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-
: }- U% {3 Y! sing frequent erections.
6 g; y, {; l/ ]& K) t% S2 ^+ f7 `: dBoth parents were again questioned about use of! j) h+ m8 S8 k# s- x; [
any ointment/creams that they may have applied to/ `) M. \! x$ Q$ T4 M z
the child’s skin. This time the father admitted the; v) v- H/ Q! H
Topical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 5413 t6 I+ V2 \2 F# t0 K9 t3 I* f
use of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-' t" Z1 n1 s- Y/ n: ?- h5 y
ing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for4 Z3 e7 U5 p2 k. Q! a* V
a year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed
* ~8 m: _7 X* B, Z2 Eto disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre-
1 y3 a8 ^/ R1 P- f; J1 A) kscribed by his family physician for decreased libido/ g' L! t$ f$ t; |6 Q. N. j% N
secondary to depression.
( D2 p6 J$ P3 p( N) UThe child slept in the same bed with parents./ d/ K% [" Y% _. g6 a Z
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his
: Q6 j. O ^! w1 w' ]chest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-
' m$ x6 ]( f0 ?# d9 Dnificant bare skin contact between baby and father.! @9 r' a& z: N: Y" a
The father also admitted that after the phone call,5 w m# g8 n7 Z' G0 M2 W
when he learned the testosterone level in the baby
3 |8 B. R0 n1 e/ f; s7 jwas high, he then read the product information
/ g! R( x1 N( ?& b% vpacket and concluded that it was most likely the rea-5 H7 }! x* S" e
son for the child’s virilization. At that time, they
/ N* |7 U1 C5 q( `decided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the
4 ~! e# W: p1 ]! D' h) afather was not hugging him with bare skin and had
& a `) I7 Y/ {' Z, vbeen using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone* V; K1 X$ ~: @# m! b/ H, d
test was ordered, but the family did not go to the, ?9 ]. l6 K" B" u! G c
laboratory to obtain the test.
4 a) j$ B* ?' V4 KDiscussion$ w# x/ P3 H. I$ u4 k+ ^0 y
Precocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary0 D, G1 k2 P+ M0 Q5 i8 k
sexual development before 9 years of age.1,4, T# `) v1 M* U. y+ g
Precocious puberty is termed as central (true) when7 G# \% i7 ^# m+ ]2 Z" g% n1 r2 j
it is caused by the premature activation of hypo-, y O8 Q' h9 B5 o0 @# [6 K
thalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-! x" O1 V& {& n" k3 o6 J9 ?4 s* u
mon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP
" O: e+ t I8 U+ l( Smay have a central nervous system lesion that is
2 w$ P. z( `! ]4 aresponsible for the early activation of the hypothal-- `" y0 T0 h, J; ]( a: A) y
amic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-/ ], ~$ P! \: _5 s; M( p
sis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in! v: L w3 N* o) Q5 G. a- s
boys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-# H. k% A$ t5 f+ _7 i4 d; h0 @
ization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-
' y3 }- R) ^) D7 Krical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by2 Y& {. U% H6 y5 r" C! g1 R
gonadotropins.1,3: F A+ P' n$ D* p
Gonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-4 |4 A( t V6 T" @6 e. f- o* E
cious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate$ P% \, \ d9 X, U0 d6 z R& D
androgenic stimulation from either endogenous or
8 w! V( j: Q& b0 h+ [8 v( _; C/ D3 P9 qexogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-
+ d! p; g8 H+ Q% r! k3 M1 wulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing9 k; w2 P' i4 `+ Y
congenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive7 N' A4 A6 c2 O Z6 ]1 _
adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious
4 h% T( G. Y" Y2 N1 V- D0 Apuberty in boys.3,4/ @$ V- ~5 p# j! q
The most common form of congenital adrenal
% v( ?/ _3 Y- X A9 y Nhyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.
+ T" A# g S/ M3 QThe 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in
& |( I: k2 ?1 ~+ C, @: I! Eexcessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,
2 J& {( D5 l0 r* P6 s7 Can adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen
) s& x: P! L- g* L; I( Kexcess.1,32 I. O2 [; g# M/ B
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from
* p) `# `3 z9 O6 v542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007
( _3 B- Z8 ?& c3 C; F8 mA unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-
* a7 p/ k- y, P- B& e/ D2 T8 d+ lindependent precocious puberty, which is also known1 I: U! }. I, d: ?% ?7 v( ?& O
as testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a" E4 S/ Z2 W/ [
very young age. The physical findings in these boys
; Y4 J% T( r. [5 u+ R+ E. awith this disorder are full pubertal development,
1 M$ A6 u& V" s4 ]( Zincluding bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys# O+ G+ Y) h! D8 \
with CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder
& P) \* c4 A& k! i& C8 U7 s! tare suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show2 d2 n9 t l1 d n4 X$ R$ a
pubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-
8 m1 k$ \* u+ y" x% ]2 z0 _$ ureleasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked2 E2 Z- `& s- _1 s* D Q
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only
; ^( n4 Z, J2 i' C$ x: B5 @: i7 Amales; therefore, other male members of the family
2 l: V) [) C: v* D5 ^: y# D ]5 @' ^may have similar precocious puberty.3
C6 u% a! m' z8 A* {- gIn our patient, physical examination was incon-6 B2 A# Y, b' E
sistent with true precocious puberty since his testi-7 I0 H9 `" a# Y4 N( F4 h+ M
cles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis
- b1 Q V& `5 T) X# gwas in the differential diagnosis because his father
) G2 X- h$ V0 b }started puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,
! ~0 ^1 V8 @1 ?7 T+ V2 q6 ttesticular enlargement is not that evident in the. X' F4 {1 g/ `+ `
beginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-! [- K" J% [) g" [, |
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our6 i5 }7 ^7 k6 J
biggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,2 |; b7 l# X, Z) Z# V
either 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase
2 ^# u. a, t# G+ `8 R$ J' ?( L2 F T- wdeficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-
; X( l3 |$ M* Cing the normal level of adrenal steroids.
% K/ w: x% |5 W% @2 ?9 w! B. |The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly: T* q7 v4 q, h" Y! Y3 V, k
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because
( l1 U" s& m& a# `the physical examination revealed the complete disap-8 i, p: u. n' i/ W$ l/ p$ [
pearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and4 X( Y/ U& A1 N; q7 F
decreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-
' s) y" `. H+ U! a- g, z+ Fterone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was
6 _ m8 ]+ p6 h1 V7 z( P" g, Cusing it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’7 |( W+ N# D0 R" s' @9 d4 P
Desk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or
) A. S b# F4 Q$ b9 b0 Wcream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to
8 x3 N' u. Q( q6 b% junprotected females through direct skin exposure.5 p% E7 {* i5 m( R
Serum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the
( U e! B4 f4 s9 x5 r$ W% |baseline value in those females who were exposed to% E$ E, V5 Z2 B) }8 U
even 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male
$ x. @& Q, K5 opartners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-
. w7 H/ j4 ^0 `8 m3 Btion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented.6 Y; ^4 A# E7 o, K, F
Our patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,
, a. q" C7 y7 u$ a: X: C1 Y1 J0 Swhich was clearly high. Some studies suggest that! J Z9 n* m" M
dermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos-
) }4 a& S* ^0 l/ N& zterone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more) f8 R w1 P8 X1 r
active in young children exposed to testosterone2 o# Y: a( t" q$ Z Y$ _
exogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-
) J! N# g, j4 xdrotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to
2 N8 x6 X; s; S! ]( Uvirilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in6 ]+ r- u9 c% a& U- W" z& u
children results in an increase in growth velocity and
1 D( ]% y7 R' ~0 h% Aadvanced bone age, as seen in our patient.* H! H( H7 W' G6 R6 P* ?
The long-term effect of androgen exposure during
' I. T% b6 e, k! G I5 |. Nearly childhood on pubertal development and final5 ^5 _6 ]2 C9 |/ f( Z
adult height are not fully known and always remain
" P2 {9 ?7 ]+ Qa concern. Children treated with short-term testos-3 H9 q6 A# ~# B
terone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some
, ~2 d$ Y$ ^- J$ M/ dacceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after# d% O0 a+ X. s) C
cessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation8 k4 h! C+ B0 r! ^
decelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,9- O0 Q7 U# v9 j% S# z
There are conflicting reports and controversy
E& F9 y% p6 Q: z- Z3 q) D2 eover the effect of early androgen exposure on adult
0 R W1 g+ d3 \penile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal
6 h& Q8 h9 q3 V' {, L d ^2 c( K; Qadult penile length, apparently because of downreg-
- {! b @ \! C W* D6 O. B. F5 ^1 \ulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,
7 i/ N8 _, y3 m, J, A9 g' {& b" DSutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between
: r n5 j# C; d3 C9 ]/ @4 Cchildhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult
' u4 l7 x7 s j3 Tpenile length in clinical studies.% l9 ~0 W9 }4 `7 C7 _' t0 p
Nonetheless, we do not believe our patient is
1 h1 P) L9 c' n2 [* _( {going to experience any of the untoward effects from
7 h) f+ ]& s. ~- A5 k5 mtestosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because
* ~* m$ q* K; B+ m# b. J! }the exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.% O1 y2 o Z/ W; C# M$ ?! b
Although the bone age was advanced at the time of
( z& R5 i+ f9 Z: S J2 Bdiagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at& |* C: a% f+ E) G4 H3 j) f2 ^
the follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult7 Q; M% R- \: }9 v- r
height will not be affected.
1 q8 h: d# E, H$ z/ wAlthough rarely reported, the widespread avail-% I# f) ?, Y6 q3 W, n; b: y' c, Z/ `
ability of androgen products in our society may$ Y" M2 B+ {0 R/ U- [' F$ ?
indeed cause more virilization in male or female; Y" A; q: y5 X" p
children than one would realize. Exposure to andro-2 h9 i* P6 C0 l+ W
gen products must be considered and specific ques-
8 o0 ?( H) x$ @3 Z0 }& [tioning about the use of a testosterone product or
% V. [9 Y" M' n, s ]7 H( I, \& D0 ogel should be asked of the family members during6 Y) U& j4 ^' D- g1 [2 o! F
the evaluation of any children who present with vir-2 V6 D! U$ \$ ]- r
ilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-
$ N5 z* q5 @+ X; B+ m5 y5 D0 unosis can be established by just a few tests and by
1 a& L6 n! u3 G! i4 N/ W2 ]$ @appropriate history. The inability to obtain such a' q4 W( n8 O. ?; h6 Y" e0 {- @
history, or failure to ask the specific questions, may
# m9 Y' ~& S7 g, Rresult in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive
, b: n! Q# B! E$ r! c7 ?investigation. The primary care physician should be+ I8 P6 m6 h* G* j( p
aware of this fact, because most of these children. V/ G' ?, u8 {7 [* }9 M$ R9 Y
may initially present in their practice. The Physicians’
: o+ [0 {( C1 M/ m8 z `# ]4 ?4 jDesk Reference and package insert should also put a
4 Y+ _/ v! w8 e% L3 x* @warning about the virilizing effect on a male or/ P* p9 J$ G& A+ [+ N6 z1 n
female child who might come in contact with some-8 V+ }! a7 j% C" @! y% ]3 ]+ W
one using any of these products.
. D9 A3 H0 A% s9 b1 YReferences
$ ]+ Q6 C3 X0 M1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation) P" }; j/ @$ V1 _& W0 l1 T) A# `- |
and puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric
, S6 R. @+ C% T/ TEndocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;
& X+ D# z( V" g$ r2002: 565-628.
: a* A V7 {+ s2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious
3 s6 @6 Q& ~$ k9 T% F# ^# ?puberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal |
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